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What Is EDI?

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is commonly defined as the application-to-application transfer of business documents between computers. Many businesses choose EDI as a fast, inexpensive, and safe method of sending purchase orders, invoices, shipping notices, and other frequently used business documents.

EDI is quite different from sending electronic mail messages or sharing files through a network, a modem, or a bulletin board. The straight transfer of computer files requires that the computer applications of both the sender and receiver (referred to as "trading partners") agree upon the format of the document. The sender must use an application that creates a file format identical to your computer application.

When you use EDI, it's not necessary for you and your trading partner to have identical document processing systems. When your trading partner sends a document, the EDI translation software converts the proprietary format into an agreed upon standard. When you receive the document, your EDI translation software automatically changes the standard format into the proprietary format of your document processing software.

Why Would I Use EDI?

Save Time and Money -- EDI is a tremendous cost- and time-saving system. Since the transfer of information from computer to computer is automatic, there is no need to re-key information. With no data entry, the chance for error drops to near zero.

Save Money

RJR Nabisco estimates that processing a paper purchase order costs the company $70. Processing an EDI purchase order reduces the cost to a mere 93 cents!  Here are some more money-savings statistics:

Business First, April 1, 1996

“Doing business with EDI can significantly reduce your operating costs. For example, a paper document processed through the traditional business model costs approximately $5.00 per page. Processing the document through EDI can reduce the cost to 13 cents.”

HEDIC - Health Care EDI Corporation

bulletManual Orders cost 56 cents per line
bulletEDI Orders cost 8 cents per line
bulletManual Invoices cost 91 cents per line
bulletEDI Invoices cost 8 cents per line
bulletManual Error Rate is 2%
bulletEDI Error Rate is 0.4%
bulletFax Orders are 20% higher in cost than Manual

Improve Customer Service

EDI is also a method of improving customer service. The quick transfer of business documents and marked decrease in errors allow you to fill orders faster. KMart and other retailers have implemented a program called Vendor Stock Replenishment (VSR). VSR requires that vendors maintain appropriate inventory levels in all stores. With VSR, you don't risk having the store run out of your product while you wait for a purchase order. You send stock as your EDI system reports it is necessary and automatically bill the client. It cuts days, even weeks, from the order fulfillment cycle and ensures that your product is always on the shelf.

End Repetition

EDI documents are stored in a mailbox. You can look at the documents in your mailbox at any time. If your customer wants a copy of an invoice, instead of calling you they simply check their mailbox. Imagine the time savings from not having to copy and fax/mail copies of invoices or purchase orders.

Expand Your Customer Base

Many large manufacturers and retailers are ordering their suppliers to institute an EDI program. When evaluating a new product to carry or a new supplier to use, the ability to do EDI is a big plus. Keep in mind, too, that these same companies tend to stop doing business with suppliers who don't comply with EDI.

There are other uses for EDI as well. Universities use EDI to exchange transcripts quickly. Auto manufacturers use EDI to transmit large, complex engineering designs created on specialized computers. Large multinational firms use EDI to communicate between locations.

How Does EDI Work?

EDI starts with a trading partner agreement between you and your trading partner. You make joint decisions about the standard to be used, the information to be exchanged, the communications method (i.e. point-to-point or a network carrier called a value-added network or VAN), and when information will be sent. Choice Systems provides a specialized EDI communications network or VAN called the CDR.

You create a document, such as an invoice, in your business application. The EDI translator automatically reformats the invoice into the agreed-upon EDI standard. The translator creates and wraps the document in an electronic envelope that has an ID for your trading partner. Choice's customer systems such as Choice Dimension21® have EDI translation and communications software built-in.  The Mediator™ provides EDI communications, translation, and mapping capabilities included.

The communications portion - which could be part of the translation software or a separate application - dials the phone number for the CDR. The envelope containing the document is then transmitted to your Trading Partner or to the CDR. The CDR reads the ID on the envelope and places it in the correct mailbox.

Your trading partner's modem calls the CDR and retrieves everything in the mailbox. The EDI translator opens the envelope and translates the data from the standard form to the format read by their application. Accounts payable creates a check from the electronic invoice.

The key to efficient EDI is to input the data only once. The EDI system does the rest of the work. Data moves without intervention from your business application to your trading partner's application with no additional steps to slow the process. It's that easy.

How Does The Data Move From My Application To The EDI Translator?

It is very important that your business application seamlessly integrate with your EDI translation software. No matter which piece you select first, make sure the other can easily talk to it. After you define the document in the business application, you use an EDI mapper to create a map of the business document. Once again, The Mediator® and Choice Dimension21® have EDI mapping software built-in.

With the mapper, you describe the relationship between the data fields in your business application and the EDI standards. With a Choice Business System, this step is already done. You just press the SEND button and we do the rest!

The mapper is an integral part of the overall EDI solution. If both the EDI translator and business application are on the same type of computer, the data will move faster and more easily from one to another.

What Do I Need To Do EDI?

Choice Business Systems (i.e. Choice Dimension21®) have everything but the modem included.  Choice provides a special VAN called the CDR to make your EDI communications as easy as possible.

bulletEDI translation management software - for optimum performance the translation software should be on the same platform as your business application.
bulletMapper - levels of mapper implementation or integration vary greatly from translator to translator.
bulletCommunications software - can be a module to the translator, a programming tool that enables you to write communications protocols, or a separate application.
bulletA modem - the higher the baud rate, the faster the communications will be.
bulletA VAN - a network that you connect to. One network can act as a gateway to another. (Some trading partners offer a direct connection to their EDI computer).

How Much Will It Cost?

Prices vary from free (for very simple one-function products) to several thousands of dollars for full-function applications. The final price you pay depends upon several things: The expected volume of electronic documents. Generally speaking, PC products cost less, but handle only a few documents and trading partners. Midrange EDI packages can be a little more expensive, but handle a much larger volume of EDI. If you anticipate multiple documents or trading partners, a midrange EDI system is a much better choice. The amplitude of the EDI translation software. Some products look like a bargain, but as your EDI needs grow, hidden costs (such as having to purchase new transaction sets) suddenly appear. You may pay more for a program with an integrated mapper, but you'll avoid purchasing overlays and maps in the future.

Implementation time.

Some applications are easier to learn and use than others. The more time you spend in training, the more time it takes to get into production mode. If your time frame is tight, look for a translator that doesn't require training before implementation.

What About Other Costs?

Fees vary from software company to software company. Ignoring the hidden costs mentioned above, you can expect the following ongoing charges:

Maintenance fees.

Most companies charge an annual maintenance fee usually a percentage of the translator's list price. This fee should include software updates, standards updates, technical support, and customer service.

VAN charges.

The VANs bill you for transmitting data, similar to making a long distance phone call. Some also bill you for connect time. A fast modem helps to lower transmission costs.

Mailbox costs.

Most VANs charge a monthly fee for maintaining a mailbox on their network. Some base billing on the document (25 cents per document transmitted); others charge based upon the number of characters in each document.

Can't I Do EDI Without Translating The Data?

A direct computer-to-computer transfer of documents (uploading and downloading) through a modem requires that both computers can read the same format, such as ASCII text. If you upload a word processing file and the recipient tries to open it in a database program, the result is a mess of characters instead of the expected information.

If you attempt to do EDI without translation, you run a great risk of transmitting data that your trading partner will not be able to read. Many of your trading partners use business applications on computers that are different than yours. (Major retailers and automobile manufacturers use custom business applications on mainframes.) The translator ensures that the data you send is converted into a format that your trading partner can use.

Can't I Write My Own Translator?

There are a few fundamental differences between a customer EDI translator and one that comes from a software company. A custom translator is very rigid. It is designed for one trading partner and limited transactions sets. Most commercial EDI translators are designed for transacting with many trading partners and a multitude of documents. A customer translator is difficult to update. If the trading partner changes standards or wants additional transaction sets, you can waste precious weeks or even months making the changes to your translator. Updates to most commercial EDI translators are ready almost before your trading partner notifies you of the change. A custom translator is unsupported. There's no one to turn to when you need help. No one to talk you through a difficult-to-implement requirement from your trading partner. Providers of commercial EDI translators offer telephone support with industry experts. High-caliber companies put you in touch with someone who can solve your problem and walk you through the tricky areas.

 

 

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Last modified: September 30, 2004